The Pearls of Jan Vermeer
Today, I am going to blog about Jan Vermeer (1632-1675). He was a Dutch artist who took an eternity or two to finish a painting. Its not certain who taught Vermeer to paint. Most think that he was a self taught artist. He mainly used a device called camara oscura. This device projects an image of the surrounding room into a small chamber inside the device. It was useful for arranging the image and for perspective purposes. The side effect of this device is that it mirror modes the image. He mainly produced artwork for the humble middle class. He achieved relative little success during his lifetime. He only became popular after he was rediscovered about 200 years after his death .
He could never produce enough art works to feed his wife and his 10 children (they were actually 14 but 4 did not survive infancy). All the scenes took place in the same two rooms. Most of the characters of his painting where women (probably his lovers). The home itself is the house of his mother in law. She was wealthier than Jan Vermeer. Like all mothers in laws, she was super controlling. She convinced him to turn Catholic before marrying. I thinks that's everything. Lets just get this show on the road.
The Allegory of Faith
The first work is called the Allegory of Faith. Basically, this painting is supposed to be the physical manifestation of what it means to be faithful. Here we see the the Catholic faith. The painting is arranged as if the viewer were intruding into a private moment. We have just lift the curtain and discovered faith. This might be an allusion as to how Vermeer became truly Catholic. Near his home there was a Jesuit convent. That order was so good at conversion that they were sent by the Vatican to the New World. Perhaps, Vermeer achieved true conversion under their tutelage.
In the background, we can see a painting of the Crucifixion. Like painting within a painting. There we see Maria Dolorosa. This is the name given to the Virgin Mary at the cross. The legend goes that when she saw her son on the cross she felt a terrible pain that felt as if her heart was pierce by a dagger. It is for this reason, that this Dolorosa always appears with her heart pierced by a dagger. In all depictions of the Virgin Mary she appears ageless. This version is far more realistic. If you look closely you can see wrinkles around her neck.
The man next to her is Jesus Beloved Apostle. There has always been some discrepancies among the Gospel about who was at the cross. They all agree that Jesus mother was there. In this version, we see the beloved apostle. The only out of place person inside this Crucifixion is a maiden that has her hand on her face. She has small child next to her. Now that I look at her better, I think that there is glass on top of this painting. Perhaps she is only a reflection on this surface.
Speaking of reflections, do you see the glass globe next to the painting? Here you can see vaguely the reflection of the room. Next, we see a lovely carpet with golden and red patterns. Gold and red was the common color decoration used in the churches for the Counter Reformation. The church to counteract the Protestant reformation sought to "whoa" the masses with splendor. It was during this time when the churches got really elaborated. This strategy worked pretty well because the Protestant churches were super stiff. Just plain white and if your lucky you could find one or two stained glass windows. Perhaps, it was these lovely decoration that helped Vermeer find Faith.
In front of this carpet, we can see a cross, the Eucharist and an open bible on top of a blue table. From what I read, Vermeer was fascinated by the mystery of the Eucharist. In the Protestant version, the Last Supper performance is simply a meal in remembrance of Christ, nothing more, nothing less. For the Catholics, the Eucharist is filled with the symbolical blood of Christ. After the faithful consumes it, they become one with Christ. It is a sacred and holy ritual and the climax of the mass. The entire proceeding leads up to the in taking of the Eucharist. For Vermeer, the Eucharist was the entire foundation of his new found faith.